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Thomas Doughty (explorer)
Thomas Doughty (1545 – 2 July 1578) was an English nobleman, soldier, scholar and personal secretary of Christopher Hatton. His association with Francis Drake, on a 1577 voyage to interfere with Spanish treasure fleets, ended in a shipboard trial for treason and witchcraft and Doughty's execution.
Although scholars doubt the validity of the charges, and question Drake's authority to try and execute Doughty, the incident set an important precedent: according to a history of the English Navy, titled ''To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World'' by Arthur Herman, Doughty's execution established the idea that a ship's captain was its absolute ruler, regardless of the rank or social class of its passengers.
==Source of conflict==
Doughty befriended Drake during Drake's military actions in Ireland. Drake, Doughty and John Wynter left Plymouth, England in 1577, purportedly on a simple trip to Alexandria. Drake's real mission was to interfere with Spanish treasure fleets in the New World; whether he proceeded with the full knowledge and sanction of Queen Elizabeth I, and whether his original intent was the circumnavigation of the globe are still topics of scholarly debate (see Kelsey, "Sir Francis Drake: the Queen's Pirate.") The three men apparently shared responsibility for the voyage〔Kelsey, p.83〕 but Drake soon assumed the role of commander of the expedition, a matter which caused friction between Drake and the aristocratic Doughty.
Doughty was given command of a captured Portuguese ship, the ''Santa Maria'' (renamed ''Mary''). Tension between Drake and Doughty worsened when Doughty caught Drake's brother, Thomas Drake, stealing from the captured cargo of the vessel.〔Kelsey 97〕 Drake assumed command of the ''Mary'' and reassigned Doughty to command his flagship the ''Pelican.'' During the long voyage across the Atlantic, Drake's hostility increased, fuelled by the rancor of his brother.〔Kelsey, p.98〕 Drake eventually demoted Doughty to command of a tiny supply vessel named ''Swan.'' This insult proved too much for Doughty to take, and he began to complain bitterly about "the Captain General."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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